[Ubuntu] パッケージの作成方法

Ubuntu 6.10でEthna 2.3.0のパッケージを作成したときの記録を以下に記します。

まず、ソースを展開したディレクトリでdh_makeコマンドを実行します。dh_makeコマンドのオプションは、以下の通りです。

--createorig: カレントディレクトリをオリジナルとみなして.origを生成する。
--email: メンテナのメールアドレス。
--copyright: ライセンスの種類。Ethnaの場合はbsd.
--single: 生成されるバイナリパッケージはひとつである。

Ethnaの場合、.tar.gzを展開したディレクトリで、

dh_make --createorig --email foo@exmaple.com --copyright bsd --single

とする。

$ dh_make --createorig --email foo@exmaple.com --copyright bsd --single
Package name "Ethna" is not in a valid format.
Debian policy manual states:
  "Package names must only consist of lower case letters, digits (0-9),
   plus (+) or minus (-) signs, and periods (.)"
$ (cd ..; mv Ethna-2.3.0 ethna-2.3.0)
$ cd ../ethna-2.3.0
$ dh_make --createorig --email foo@exmaple.com --copyright bsd --single
Maintainer name : Sumi Tomohiko
Email-Address   : foo@example.com 
Date            : Mon, 11 Dec 2006 03:02:56 +0900
Package Name    : ethna
Version         : 2.3.0
License         : bsd
Type of Package : Single
Hit  to confirm: 
Currently there is no top level Makefile. This may require additional tuning.
Done. Please edit the files in the debian/ subdirectory now. You should also
check that the ethna Makefiles install into $DESTDIR and not in / .
$ ls                              [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
CHANGES  Ethna.php  LICENSE  README  bin  class  debian  misc  skel  test  tpl
$ ls debian                       [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
README.Debian  dirs                ethna.doc-base.EX  postinst.ex
changelog      docs                init.d.ex          postrm.ex
compat         emacsen-install.ex  manpage.1.ex       preinst.ex
control        emacsen-remove.ex   manpage.sgml.ex    prerm.ex
copyright      emacsen-startup.ex  manpage.xml.ex     rules
cron.d.ex      ethna-default.ex    menu.ex            watch.ex
$ mv LICENSE debian/copyright     [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
$ rm -f README.Debian      [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0/debian]
（中略。様々なものを削除する）
$ ls                       [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0/debian]
changelog  compat  control  copyright  dirs  docs  rules
$ ls                                          [~/projects/Ethna]
ethna-2.3.0  ethna-2.3.0.orig

changelogを編集する。結果は以下の通り。

$ cat debian/changelog            [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
ethna (2.3.0) unstable; urgency=low
  
  * Initial release.

 -- Sumi Tomohiko   Mon, 11 Dec 2006 06:07:00 +0900

controlファイルを編集する。最終結果は、以下の通り。

$ cat control              [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0/debian]
Source: ethna
Section: web
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Sumi Tomohiko 
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 5)
Build-Depends-Indep: nkf
Standards-Version: 3.7.2

Package: ethna
Architecture: any
Depends: php-db, php-pear, smarty
Description: ethna is one of web application frameworks.
 ethna is on Model-View-Controller architecture.

dirsファイルを編集する。

$ cat dirs           [~/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian]
usr/bin
usr/share/man/man1
usr/share/php

docsファイルを編集する。

$ cat docs                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0/debian]

rulesファイルを編集する。

$ cat rules          [~/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian]
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# -*- makefile -*-

ROOTDIR=$(CURDIR)/debian/ethna

# Uncomment this to turn on verbose mode.
#export DH_VERBOSE=1

clean:
        dh_testdir
        dh_testroot
        rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp

        # Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
        dh_clean 

install:
        dh_testdir
        dh_testroot
        dh_clean -k
        dh_installdirs

        # Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
        cp bin/ethna.sh $(ROOTDIR)/usr/bin/ethna
        mkdir -p $(ROOTDIR)/usr/share/php/Ethna
        cp -r Ethna.php bin class misc skel test tpl $(ROOTDIR)/usr/share/php/Ethna

build:

binary-arch:

binary-indep: install
        dh_installdocs
        dh_installchangelogs CHANGES
        dh_installman $(CURDIR)/debian/man/ethna.1
        dh_compress
        dh_gencontrol
        dh_md5sums
        dh_builddeb

binary: binary-indep binary-arch

.PHONY: binary binary-indep binary-arch install build clean

class/Renderer/Ethna_Renderer_Smarty.phpの以下の行を修正する（下は修正後）。

require_once 'smarty/libs/Smarty.class.php';

bin/ethna.shを修正する（下は、修正後）。

    ETHNA_HOME="/usr/share/php/Ethna"

ソースを含むテキストドキュメントを、UTF-8に変換する。方法は省略。

パッケージの生成には、devscriptsパッケージに含まれるdebuildコマンドを使用する。有用なオプションは、

--uc: changesファイルに署名しない。
--us: dscファイルに署名しない。ただし、これらはパッケージのテストをする場合に限り使用し、リリースする場合は外すこと。
--lintian-opts: lintianに渡すパラメータを指定する。

$ debuild -uc -us --lintian-opts --info
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
dh_installdirs
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
cp bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/bin/ethna
mkdir -p /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna
cp -r Ethna.php bin class misc skel test tpl /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna
dh_installdocs   
dh_installchangelogs CHANGES
dh_installman /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/man/ethna.1
dh_compress
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
tar: -: file name read contains nul character
dpkg-deb: ../ethna_2.3.0_i386.deb にパッケージ `ethna' を構築しています。
 dpkg-genchanges 
dpkg-genchanges: not including original source code in upload
dpkg-buildpackage (debuild emulation): binary and diff upload (original source NOT included)
Now running lintian...
Finished running lintian.

以上で成功である。

この過程で遭遇したエラーの例を以下に記す。

$ debuild -uc -sc                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
parsechangelog/debian: error: badly formatted heading line, at file debian/changelog line 1
debuild: fatal error at line 617:
problem executing dpkg-parsechangelog | grep:

$ debuild -us -uc                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
dpkg-checkbuilddeps: error: source paragraph in control info file is missing Source line
debuild: fatal error at line 983:
You do not appear to have all build dependencies properly met, aborting.
(Use -d flag to override.)
If you have the pbuilder package installed you can run
/usr/lib/pbuilder/pbuilder-satisfydepends as root to install the
required packages, or you can do it manually using dpkg or apt using
the error messages just above this message.

$ debuild -uc -us                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
debian/rules: 1: #!/usr/bin/make: not found
debian/rules: 7: clean:: not found
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
debian/rules: 16: install:: not found
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_installdirs: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
debian/rules: 23: CURDIR: not found
mv: cannot move `bin/ethna.sh' to `/debian/ethna/usr/bin/ethna': No such file or directory
debian/rules: 24: CURDIR: not found
mkdir: ディレクトリ `/debian' を作成できません: Permission denied
debian/rules: 25: CURDIR: not found
cp: target `/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna' is not a directory
debian/rules: 27: binary-indep:: not found
debuild: fatal error at line 1224:
fakeroot debian/rules clean failed

$ debuild -uc -us                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean 
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: *** ターゲット `build' を make するルールがありません.  中止.
debuild: fatal error at line 1224:
debian/rules build failed

$ debuild -uc -us                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean 
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
make: *** ターゲット `binary' を make するルールがありません.  中止.
debuild: fatal error at line 1224:
fakeroot debian/rules binary failed

$ debuild -uc -us                 [~/projects/Ethna/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean 
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
make: `binary' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 dpkg-genchanges
dpkg-genchanges: failure: cannot read files list file: No such file or directory

$ debuild -us -uc           [~/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian
/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k 
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
dh_installdirs   
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_installdirs: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
mv bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/bin/ethna
mv: cannot move `bin/ethna.sh' to `/home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/bin/ethna': No such file or directory
make: *** [install] エラー 1
debuild: fatal error at line 1224:
fakeroot debian/rules binary failed

$ debuild -uc -us           [~/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian
/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian
/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_clean: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
dh_installdirs   
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_installdirs: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
cp bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/tmp/usr/bin/ethna
mkdir -p /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/tmp/usr/share/php/Ethna
cp -r Ethna.php bin class misc skel test tpl /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/tmp/usr/share/php/Ethna
dh_gencontrol
Argument "M-oM-;M-?5" isn't numeric in numeric lt (<) at /usr/share/perl5/Debian/Debhelper/Dh_Lib.pm line 274,  line 1.
dh_gencontrol: Compatibility levels before 4 are deprecated.
 dpkg-genchanges 
dpkg-genchanges: not including original source code in upload
dpkg-genchanges: failure: cannot open upload file ../ethna_2.3.0_i386.deb for reading: No such file or directory

$ debuild -uc -us           [~/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0]
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
dh_installdirs
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
cp bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/tmp/usr/bin/ethna
cp: cannot create regular file `/home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/tmp/usr/bin/ethna': No such file or directory
make: *** [install] エラー 1
debuild: fatal error at line 1224:
fakeroot debian/rules binary failed

$ debuild -uc -us --lintian-opts --info
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
dh_installdirs   
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
cp bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/bin/
ethna
mkdir -p /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna
cp -r Ethna.php bin class misc skel test tpl /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna
dh_installdocs   
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
tar: -: file name read contains nul character
dpkg-deb: ../ethna_2.3.0_i386.deb にパッケージ `ethna' を構築しています。
 dpkg-genchanges 
dpkg-genchanges: not including original source code in upload
dpkg-buildpackage (debuild emulation): binary and diff upload (original source NOT included)
Now running lintian...
W: ethna: binary-without-manpage ethna
N:
N:   Each binary in /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /bin, /sbin or /usr/games should
N:   have a manual page
N:
N:   Note, that though the `man' program has the capability to check for
N:   several program names in the NAMES section, each of these programs
N:   should have its own manual page (a symbolic link to the appropriate
N:   manual page is sufficient) because other manual page viewers such as
N:   xman or tkman don't support this.
N:
N:   Refer to Policy Manual, section 12.1 for details.
N:
E: ethna: description-starts-with-package-name
N:
N:   The first line of the "Description:" should not start with the package
N:   name. For example, the package foo should not have a description like
N:   this: `foo is a program that...'.
N:
N:   Refer to Policy Manual, section 3.4.1 for details.
N:
W: ethna: description-synopsis-might-not-be-phrased-properly
N:
N:   The synopsis (first line in the package "Description:" field, the
N:   short description) ends with a full stop "." character. This is not
N:   necessary, as the synopsis doesn't need to be a full sentence. It is
N:   recommended that a descriptive phrase is used instead.
N:
N:   Note also that the synopsis is not part of the rest of the
N:   "Description:" field.
N:
N:   Refer to Policy Manual, section 3.4.1 for details.
N:
E: ethna: changelog-file-missing-in-native-package
N:
N:   Each Debian package (which provides a /usr/share/doc/ directory)
N:   has to install a changelog file. Since this package seems to be a
N:   native Debian package (i.e., there is no upstream source), the file
N:   should usually be installed as /usr/share/doc//changelog.gz
N:
N:   Refer to Policy Manual, section 12.7 for details.
N:
W: ethna: syntax-error-in-debian-changelog line 0 "found eof where expected first heading"
N:
N:   While parsing the Debian changelog, an syntax error was found.
N:
N:   Refer to Policy Manual, section 4.4 for details.
N:
Finished running lintian.

$ debuild --lintian-opts --info
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp
# Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
dh_clean
 dpkg-source -b ethna-2.3.0
dpkg-source: building ethna using existing ethna_2.3.0.orig.tar.gz
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.diff.gz
dpkg-source: warning: ignoring deletion of file LICENSE
dpkg-source: building ethna in ethna_2.3.0.dsc
 debian/rules build
make: `build' に対して行うべき事はありません.
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
dh_installdirs   
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/ethna.
cp bin/ethna.sh /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/bin/
ethna
mkdir -p /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/E
thna
cp -r Ethna.php bin class misc skel test tpl /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/ethna/usr/share/php/Ethna
dh_installdocs   
dh_installchangelogs CHANGES
dh_installman /home/tom/projects/Ethna-2.3.0/ethna-2.3.0/debian/man/ethna.1
dh_compress
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
tar: -: file name read contains nul character
dpkg-deb: ../ethna_2.3.0_i386.deb にパッケージ `ethna' を構築しています。
 dpkg-genchanges 
dpkg-genchanges: not including original source code in upload
dpkg-buildpackage (debuild emulation): binary and diff upload (original source NOT included)
Now running lintian...
Finished running lintian.
Now signing changes and any dsc files...
 signfile ethna_2.3.0.dsc Sumi Tomohiko 
gpg: 鍵輪「/home/tom/.gnupg/secring.gpg」ができました
gpg: “Sumi Tomohiko ”をとばします: 秘密鍵が得られません
gpg: [stdin]: clearsign failed: 秘密鍵が得られません
debsign: gpg error occurred!  Aborting....
debuild: fatal error at line 1151:
running debsign failed